三维圆柱体绕流数值模拟流场选择及网格划分

文章通过数值模拟结果确定适合的三维圆柱体绕流流场的尺寸,采用不同的计算流体力学(CFD)软件对有限元模型进行网格划分,对比网格划分质量的优劣,选择适合数值模拟的软件CFX。确定采用的网格形式为六面体网格(Hex8)以及流场不同部分网格的尺寸。圆柱绕流展向各截面平均压力系数沿周向无明显变化,脉动压力系数变化显著,绕流后的旋涡发放形式具有明显的三维特性的数值模拟结果验证了本文的流场选择和网格化分尺度的合理性。     

大型耙吸挖泥船“新海虎”号的轮机设计

文章描述了“新海虎”耙吸挖泥船轮机系统的设计，包括采用复合驱动的动力系统、功率管理系统、热源系统、冷却系统和泥泵封水系统的设计。     

中大型客滚船的线型与推进系统研究

本文介绍了当今世界上典型的中大型客滚渡船传统的线型设计方法和推进系统,以及近年来针对大型客滚渡船研发的新推进理念和方法。详细介绍这些新的推进理念,并将其与传统的方式进行比较,对将来的实际应用提出了建议。     

一种三角形网格自动生成技术

在研究总结目前流行的三角形网格自动生成法的基础上,提出前沿生成与Delaunay三角化组合起来的三角形自动生成方法。该方法解决了Delaunay法中离散点域的构造问题,不会产生重合点,不用进行点集排序和坏点剔除,同时避免了前沿生成法中过多的校验。该法计算效率高,对复杂边界适应性好,可实现三角形尺度的渐变过渡。应用该方法成功进行了三峡电站日调节数学模型计算域的自动剖分。     

粘土含量对粉沙质泥沙沉降速度的影响

通过对泥沙沉降试验结果进行统计整理和理论分析,研究了粘土含量对粉沙质泥沙沉降速度的影响。结果表明:泥沙沉降速度同时受泥沙中值粒径d50和粘土含量p0.004控制;沉降速度ω随泥沙中值粒径d50增大而增大;粘土含量较小时,沉速随p0.004增大而减小,粘土含量较大时,沉速随粘土含量增大而增大;粘土含量对泥沙沉速影响的分界点为20%~25%。     

一种新型小型单轨游览车牵引悬挂装置

随着跨座式单轨火车的发展,部分小型单轨高架游览车车厢较小,车厢重量较轻,采用的单节车厢设置一个转向架的结构,现有的单轨车牵引悬挂系统不适用于此类结构,故本文基于该状况,设计开发一种新型小型单轨游览车牵引悬挂装置。     

“货改耙”技术改造分析

上海航道局为适应国内外疏浚市场的需要,提高企业设备能力,将一艘万吨级散装旧货轮成功改造成为12 000 m3自航耙吸挖泥船一新海象,现已作为长江口疏浚的主力施工船,发挥着明显的社会效益和经济效益.     

Sampling of alternatives for route choice modeling

This paper presents a new paradigm for choice set generation in the context of route choice model estimation. We assume that the choice sets contain all paths connecting each origin–destination pair. Although this is behaviorally questionable, we make this assumption in order to avoid bias in the econometric model. These sets are in general impossible to generate explicitly. Therefore, we propose an importance sampling approach to generate subsets of paths suitable for model estimation. Using only a subset of alternatives requires the path utilities to be corrected according to the sampling protocol in order to obtain unbiased parameter estimates. We derive such a sampling correction for the proposed algorithm.Estimating models based on samples of alternatives is straightforward for some types of models, in particular the multinomial logit (MNL) model. In order to apply MNL for route choice, the utilities should also be corrected to account for the correlation using, for instance, a path size (PS) formulation. We argue that the PS attribute should be computed based on the full choice set. Again, this is not feasible in general, and we propose a new version of the PS attribute derived from the sampling protocol, called Expanded PS.Numerical results based on synthetic data show that models including a sampling correction are remarkably better than the ones that do not. Moreover, the Expanded PS shows good results and outperforms models with the original PS formulation.     

Experimental design influences on stated choice outputs: An empirical study in air travel choice

Discrete choice experiments are conducted in the transport field to obtain data for investigating travel behaviour and derived measures such as the value of travel time savings. The multinomial logit (MNL) and other more advanced discrete choice models (e.g., the mixed MNL model) have often been estimated on data from stated choice experiments and applied for planning and policy purposes. Determining efficient underlying experimental designs for these studies has become an increasingly important stream of research, in which the objective is to generate stated choice tasks that maximize the collected information, yielding more reliable parameter estimates. These theoretical advances have not been rigorously tested in practice, such that claims on whether the theoretical efficiency gains translate into practice cannot be made. Using an extensive empirical study of air travel choice behaviour, this paper presents for the first time results of different stated choice experimental design approaches, in which respective estimation results are compared. We show that D-efficient designs keep their promise in lowering standard errors in estimating, thereby requiring smaller sample sizes, ceteris paribus, compared to a more traditional orthogonal design. The parameter estimates found using an orthogonal design or an efficient design turn out to be statistically different in several cases, mainly attributed to more or less dominant alternatives existing in the orthogonal design. Furthermore, we found that small designs with a limited number of choice tasks performs just as good (or even better) than a large design. Finally, we show that theoretically predicted sample sizes using the so-called S-estimates provide a good lower bound. This paper will enable practitioners in better understanding the potential benefits of efficient designs, and enables policy makers to make decisions based on more reliable parameter estimates.     

上海洋山港区的自然条件及泥沙来源分析

在现场水文测验、泥沙分析等资料整理分析的基础上 ,重点对该区水沙特性、沉积物质组成及盐度变化对泥沙沉速的影响及泥沙来源问题进行了探讨。